JOBLESSNESS - ορισμός. Τι είναι το JOBLESSNESS
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Τι (ποιος) είναι JOBLESSNESS - ορισμός

THE STATE OF BEING WITHOUT WORK AND ACTIVELY SEEKING WORK
Job creation program; Unemployment rate; Joblessness; Jobless; Unemployed; Rate of unemployment; Types of unemployment; Covered unemployment; Unemployment Rate; Seasonal unemployment; Cyclical unemployment; Hidden unemployment; Labor force participation rate; Mass unemployment; Job creation; Unemployement; Unemployment types; Transitional jobs; Transitional job; Classical unemployment; Work relief program; Employment gap; Employment creation; Job loss; Frictional Unemployment; Male unemployment; Mancession; Job creation programme; Long-term unemployment; Job creation scheme; Jobs creation program; Labour force participation rate; Labor-force participation rate; Labor force participation; Unemployed men; Worklessness; Long-term unemployed; Rates of unemployment; Out of work; Effects of unemployment on men; Labour force participation; Chronic unemployment; Demand-side job creation; Disoccupation
  • A government unemployment office with job listings, [[West Berlin]], [[West Germany]], 1982
  • Demonstration against unemployment in [[Kerala]], [[South India]], [[India]] on 27 January 2004
  • In the [[Shapiro–Stiglitz model]] of efficiency wages, workers are paid at a level that dissuades shirking. That prevents wages from dropping to market clearing levels.
  • ''Migrant Mother'', photograph by [[Dorothea Lange]], 1936
  • [[Karl Marx]], ''Theorien über den Mehrwert'', 1956
  • Short-run [[Phillips curve]] before and after Expansionary Policy, with Long-Run Phillips Curve (NAIRU). Note, however, that the unemployment rate is an inaccurate predictor of inflation in the long term.<ref name=chang/><ref name=hossfeld/>
  • [[Okun's Law]] interprets unemployment as a function of the rate of growth in GDP.
  •  date=19 October 2012}}</ref>
  • Supply-side economics proposes that lower taxes lead to employment growth. Historical state data from the United States shows a heterogeneous result.
  • Tompkins Square Park]], [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]], 1874
  • 13.1–22.9%}}{{colend}}
  • Female participation}}
  • U1–U6 since 1950, as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
  • US unemployment rate, 1990—2022. The increase in unemployment during recessions (shaded) is called cyclical unemployment.
  • job vacancy]] and unemployment rate (from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics)
  • Depression]]-era [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], [[United States]], 1931
  • Unemployment in Europe (2020) according to Worldbank
  • states]]
  • Unemployment in Mexico 2009
  • access-date=7 March 2020}}</ref>
  • isbn= 9789264687714}}</ref> Red line is G7 average.<br> 15-24 age (thin line) is [[youth unemployment]].
  • WPA poster promoting the benefits of employment

joblessness         
jobless         
Someone who is jobless does not have a job, although they would like one.
= unemployed
ADJ
The jobless are people who are jobless.
They joined the ranks of the jobless.
N-PLURAL: the N
joblessness
Concern over the rising level of joblessness was a feature of yesterday's debate.
= unemployment
N-UNCOUNT
unemployment         
¦ noun the state of being unemployed.
?the number or proportion of unemployed people.

Βικιπαίδεια

Unemployment

Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is people above a specified age (usually 15) not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period.

Unemployment is measured by the unemployment rate, which is the number of people who are unemployed as a percentage of the labour force (the total number of people employed added to those unemployed).

Unemployment can have many sources, such as the following:

  • new technologies and inventions
  • the status of the economy, which can be influenced by a recession
  • competition caused by globalization and international trade
  • policies of the government
  • regulation and market

Unemployment and the status of the economy can be influenced by a country through, for example, fiscal policy. Furthermore, the monetary authority of a country, such as the central bank, can influence the availability and cost for money through its monetary policy.

In addition to theories of unemployment, a few categorisations of unemployment are used for more precisely modelling the effects of unemployment within the economic system. Some of the main types of unemployment include structural unemployment, frictional unemployment, cyclical unemployment, involuntary unemployment and classical unemployment. Structural unemployment focuses on foundational problems in the economy and inefficiencies inherent in labor markets, including a mismatch between the supply and demand of laborers with necessary skill sets. Structural arguments emphasize causes and solutions related to disruptive technologies and globalization. Discussions of frictional unemployment focus on voluntary decisions to work based on individuals' valuation of their own work and how that compares to current wage rates added to the time and effort required to find a job. Causes and solutions for frictional unemployment often address job entry threshold and wage rates.

According to the UN's International Labour Organization (ILO), there were 172 million people worldwide (or 5% of the reported global workforce) without work in 2018.

Because of the difficulty in measuring the unemployment rate by, for example, using surveys (as in the United States) or through registered unemployed citizens (as in some European countries), statistical figures such as the employment-to-population ratio might be more suitable for evaluating the status of the workforce and the economy if they were based on people who are registered, for example, as taxpayers.

Παραδείγματα από το σώμα κειμένου για JOBLESSNESS
1. Latino joblessness rose to 5.7 percent from 4.' percent.
2. Many believe the real rate of joblessness is much higher.
3. The wider ILO measure of joblessness jumped by 37,000.
4. "One of the main problems that people have is joblessness.
5. Joblessness was the only predicament we all were familiar with.